category: indolines-derivatives, The prevalence of solvent effects in heterogeneous catalysis has motivated developing quantitative kinetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical assessments of solvent structures and their interactions with reaction intermediates and transition states.
General procedure: To a stirred solution of aryl halides (1.0 mmol) and indoline/indoline carboxylic acid (1.0 equiv) in dry DMSO (2.0 mL) at rt was added nano CuO (5.0 mol %) followed by Cs2CO3 (2.0 equiv) and heated at 80 C for 8 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and catalyst was filtered, the crude residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 10 mL). The combined organic layers were extracted with water, saturated brine solution, and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The organic layers were evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting crude product was purified by column chromatography by using ethyl acetate/hexane (7:3) as eluent to give the corresponding N-substituted indoles in excellent yields. The identity and purity of the product were confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectra.
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Reference:
Article; Reddy, K. Harsha Vardhan; Satish; Ramesh; Karnakar; Nageswar; Tetrahedron Letters; vol. 53; 24; (2012); p. 3061 – 3065;,
Indoline – Wikipedia,
Indoline | C8H9N – PubChem