Share a compound : 346-34-9

Reference of 346-34-9, In the next few decades, the world population will flourish. As the population grows rapidly and people all over the world use more and more resources, all industries must consider their environmental impact. 346-34-9, name is 4-Fluoroindoline-2,3-dione belongs to indolines-derivatives compound, it is a common compound, a new synthetic route is introduced below.

Reference of 346-34-9, In the next few decades, the world population will flourish. As the population grows rapidly and people all over the world use more and more resources, all industries must consider their environmental impact. 346-34-9, name is 4-Fluoroindoline-2,3-dione belongs to indolines-derivatives compound, it is a common compound, a new synthetic route is introduced below.

Intermediate 1 A6-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid 300 mg (1.33 mmol) of 5-bromo-1 H-indole-2,3-dione was suspended in 3 mL water in a microwave vial. 82 mg ( 1.46 mmol) potassium hydroxide, 152 muL (2.65 mmol) acetic acid and 152 mg (1.86 mmol) sodium acetate were added so that the pH was around 5. The solution was cooled to 10 C and 238 muL (2.65 mmol) 1 ,1,1 -trifluoroacetone was added rapidly, the microwave vial was sealed and heated in the microwave for 2 h at 120 C. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and the resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at 50 C overnight to obtain 409 mg (1.28 mmol, 96%) of the desired title compound .In analogy to intermediate 1 A, 300 mg (1.82 mmol) 4-fluoro-1 H-indole-2,3-dione was heated with 900 muL (9.08 mmol) 1 -cyclopropylethanone, 112 mg (2.00 mmol) potassium hydroxide, 208 muL (3.63 mmol) acetic acid and 209 mg (2.54 mmol) sodium acetate in 3 mL water for 6 h at 150 C in the microwave. The reaction mixture was quenched with 10% hydrochloric acid solution and filtered. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to obtain 120 mg (0.52 mmol, 29%) of the desired title compound after drying.1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO d6): delta (ppm) = 1.10 – 1.17 (m, 4 H), 2.40 – 2.47 (m, 1 H), 7.52 – 7.60 (m, 2 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 8.35 – 8.41 (m, 1 H,) 13.98 (br. s, 1 H).

In the field of chemistry, the synthetic routes of compounds are constantly being developed and updated. I will also mention this compound in other articles, 4-Fluoroindoline-2,3-dione, other downstream synthetic routes, hurry up and to see.

Reference:
Patent; BAYER PHARMA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT; HEISLER, Iring; MUeLLER, Thomas; SIEBENEICHER, Holger; BUCHMANN, Bernd; CLEVE, Arwed; GUeNTHER, Judith; KOPPITZ, Marcus; HEROULT, Melanie; NEUHAUS, Roland; PETRUL, Heike; QUANZ-SCHOeFFEL, Maria; WO2015/91428; (2015); A1;,
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Sources of common compounds: 16800-68-3

Application of 16800-68-3,Some common heterocyclic compound, 16800-68-3, name is 1-Acetylindolin-3-one, molecular formula is C10H9NO2, traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

Application of 16800-68-3,Some common heterocyclic compound, 16800-68-3, name is 1-Acetylindolin-3-one, molecular formula is C10H9NO2, traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

General procedure: 1a (35.0 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1 equiv.), tert-BuOK (22.4 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) were added to a Schlenk tube. Then 2 ml THF was added using a syringe. The reaction mixture was stirred 15min,and then added iodonium salt 2 (0.2 mmol, 1.0 eq). The reaction was stirred at 30C for 10 hours.After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purifiedby silica gel using a proper eluent (EtOAc/Hexane) to afford the desired products

The synthetic route of 16800-68-3 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Yanxia; Han, Jianwei; Liu, Zhen-Jiang; Synlett; vol. 26; 18; (2015); p. 2593 – 2597;,
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Application of C8H4FNO2

Each compound has different characteristics, and only by selecting the characteristics of the compound suitable for a specific situation can the compound be applied on a large scale. 324-03-8, name is 6-Fluoroindoline-2,3-dione, This compound has unique chemical properties. The synthetic route is as follows., HPLC of Formula: C8H4FNO2

Each compound has different characteristics, and only by selecting the characteristics of the compound suitable for a specific situation can the compound be applied on a large scale. 324-03-8, name is 6-Fluoroindoline-2,3-dione, This compound has unique chemical properties. The synthetic route is as follows., HPLC of Formula: C8H4FNO2

Intermediate 1 A6-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid 300 mg (1.33 mmol) of 5-bromo-1 H-indole-2,3-dione was suspended in 3 mL water in a microwave vial. 82 mg ( 1.46 mmol) potassium hydroxide, 152 muL (2.65 mmol) acetic acid and 152 mg (1.86 mmol) sodium acetate were added so that the pH was around 5. The solution was cooled to 10 C and 238 muL (2.65 mmol) 1 ,1,1 -trifluoroacetone was added rapidly, the microwave vial was sealed and heated in the microwave for 2 h at 120 C. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and the resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at 50 C overnight to obtain 409 mg (1.28 mmol, 96%) of the desired title compound .1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO d6): delta (ppm) = 8.14 (dd, 1 H), 8.21 (d, 1 H), 8.32 (s, 1 H), 9.09 (d, 1 H), 14.50 (br. s. , 1 H)._n analogy to intermediate 1 A, 200 mg (1.21 mmol) 6-fluoro-1 H-indole-2,3-dione was heated with 217 muL (2.42 mmol) 1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoroacetone, 75 mg (1.33 mmol) potassium hydroxide, 139 muL (2.42 mmol) acetic acid and 139 mg (1.70 mmol) sodium acetate in 2 mL water for 2 h at 80 C in the microwave. As the conversion was not complete further 217 muL (2.42 mmol) 1,1 ,1 -trifluoroacetone was added to the reaction mixture and heated again for 1 h at 80 C in the microwave. Once again 217 muL (2.42 mmol) 1 ,1 ,1-trifluoroacetone was added and the reaction mixture was heated a third time for 1 h at 100 C in the microwave to obtain 227 mg (0.88 mmol, 72%) of the desired title compound after aqueous work-up.1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO d6): delta (ppm) = 7.83 – 7.93 (m, 1 H), 8.10 (dd, 1 H), 8.26 (s, 1 H), 8.90 (dd, 1 H), 14.51 (br. s. , 1 H).

Chemical properties determine the actual use. Each compound has specific chemical properties and uses. We look forward to more synthetic routes in the future to expand reaction routes of 324-03-8.

Reference:
Patent; BAYER PHARMA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT; HEISLER, Iring; MUeLLER, Thomas; SIEBENEICHER, Holger; BUCHMANN, Bernd; CLEVE, Arwed; GUeNTHER, Judith; KOPPITZ, Marcus; HEROULT, Melanie; NEUHAUS, Roland; PETRUL, Heike; QUANZ-SCHOeFFEL, Maria; WO2015/91428; (2015); A1;,
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Sources of common compounds: C11H9NO3

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 2436-29-5, name is 3-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanal, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., Computed Properties of C11H9NO3

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 2436-29-5, name is 3-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanal, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., Computed Properties of C11H9NO3

Compound 359l-(3-((((2R^S,4R,5R)-5 6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2- yl)methyl)(isopropyl)amino)propyl)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)ureaStep 1. Preparation of 2-(3-((((3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,2- dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][l,3]dioxol-4-yl)methyl)amino)propyl)isoindoline-l,3- dioneTo a solution of 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (1.0 g, 4.88 mmol) in EA (50 mL) was added IBX (3.4 g, 12.19 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux for 2h. After cooling, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give 3-(l,3- dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanal crude (not weight), which was directly used for next step.To a solution of 9-((3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-(aminomethyl)-2,2- dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][l,3]dioxol-4-yl)-9H-purin-6-amine (1.5 g, 4.90 mmol) and 3- (l ,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanal (from last step) in DCE (50 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)3 (1.56 g, 7.30 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight then saturated NaHC03 aqueous solution (50 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (50 mL x 2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2S04 and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGC (DCM : MeOH = 100 : 1 to 10 : 1) to afford the title compound (1.38 g, yield: 57%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD): 58.30 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.79 (m, 4H), 6.17 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (dd, J = 2.5, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (dd, J = 3.0, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (t , J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.60 (s, 9H), 1.39 (s, 3H) ppm; ESI-MS (m/z): 494.2 [M+l]+.

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Reference:
Patent; EPIZYME, INC.; CHESWORTH, Richard; KUNTZ, Kevin, Wayne; OLHAVA, Edward, James; PATANE, Michael, A.; WO2012/82436; (2012); A2;,
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Brief introduction of C8H6ClNO

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 17630-75-0, name is 5-Chloro-2-oxindole, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., COA of Formula: C8H6ClNO

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 17630-75-0, name is 5-Chloro-2-oxindole, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., COA of Formula: C8H6ClNO

General procedure: To a Schlenk tube were added indolin-2-one 1 (0.3 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.6 mmol), and DCE (2 mL). Then the tube was stirred at 85 oC under air for the indicated time until complete consumption of starting material monitored by TLC analysis. After the reaction was finished, the reaction mixture was washed with brine. The aqueous phase was re-extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, removal of the solvent under vacuum afforded the crude product, which was purified further by column chromatography using hexane-ethyl acetate (10:1).

The synthetic route of 17630-75-0 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Article; Ying, Wei-Wei; Zhu, Wen-Ming; Liang, Hongze; Wei, Wen-Ting; Synlett; vol. 29; 2; (2018); p. 215 – 218;,
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Extracurricular laboratory: Synthetic route of C11H11NO3

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 883-44-3, name is 2-(3-Hydroxypropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., HPLC of Formula: C11H11NO3

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 883-44-3, name is 2-(3-Hydroxypropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., HPLC of Formula: C11H11NO3

Compound 359l-(3-((((2R^S,4R,5R)-5 6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2- yl)methyl)(isopropyl)amino)propyl)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)ureaStep 1. Preparation of 2-(3-((((3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,2- dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][l,3]dioxol-4-yl)methyl)amino)propyl)isoindoline-l,3- dioneTo a solution of 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (1.0 g, 4.88 mmol) in EA (50 mL) was added IBX (3.4 g, 12.19 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux for 2h. After cooling, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give 3-(l,3- dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanal crude (not weight), which was directly used for next step.To a solution of 9-((3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-(aminomethyl)-2,2- dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][l,3]dioxol-4-yl)-9H-purin-6-amine (1.5 g, 4.90 mmol) and 3- (l ,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanal (from last step) in DCE (50 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)3 (1.56 g, 7.30 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight then saturated NaHC03 aqueous solution (50 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (50 mL x 2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2S04 and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGC (DCM : MeOH = 100 : 1 to 10 : 1) to afford the title compound (1.38 g, yield: 57%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD): 58.30 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.79 (m, 4H), 6.17 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (dd, J = 2.5, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (dd, J = 3.0, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (t , J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.60 (s, 9H), 1.39 (s, 3H) ppm; ESI-MS (m/z): 494.2 [M+l]+.

The synthetic route of 883-44-3 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Patent; EPIZYME, INC.; CHESWORTH, Richard; KUNTZ, Kevin, Wayne; OLHAVA, Edward, James; PATANE, Michael, A.; WO2012/82436; (2012); A2;,
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Extracurricular laboratory: Synthetic route of 102359-00-2

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 102359-00-2, name is 2-Oxoindoline-5-carboxylic Acid, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., Safety of 2-Oxoindoline-5-carboxylic Acid

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 102359-00-2, name is 2-Oxoindoline-5-carboxylic Acid, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., Safety of 2-Oxoindoline-5-carboxylic Acid

2-Oxo-3-(4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridin-1-ylmethylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid A mixture of 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid (44.5 mg, 0.25 mmol), 4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1-carbaldehyde (41 mg, 0.25 mmol) and 0.1 mL of piperidine in ethanol (1 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 80 C. for 6 hours. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with cold ethanol. The solid was then dissolved in methanol, the insoluble materials were removed and the filtrate was concentrated to give 20 mg (25%) of the title compound as a yellow solid. 1NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) delta 13.59 (s, 1H, NH), 11.10 (br s, 1H, NH), 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (m, 2H), 7.37 (br s, 1H, NH), 6.78 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (m, CH2), 3.0 (t, 2H, CH2). MS m/z 324 [M++1].

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Reference:
Patent; Tang, Peng Cho; Miller, Todd A.; Li, Xiaoyuan; Zhang, Ruofei; Cui, Jinrong; Huang, Ping; Wei, Chung Chun; US2002/42427; (2002); A1;,
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Some tips on 19155-24-9

19155-24-9, name is 3,3-Dimethylindolin-2-one, belongs to indolines-derivatives compound, is considered to be a conventional heterocyclic compound, which is widely used in drug synthesis. The chemical synthesis route is as follows. Application In Synthesis of 3,3-Dimethylindolin-2-one

19155-24-9, name is 3,3-Dimethylindolin-2-one, belongs to indolines-derivatives compound, is considered to be a conventional heterocyclic compound, which is widely used in drug synthesis. The chemical synthesis route is as follows. Application In Synthesis of 3,3-Dimethylindolin-2-one

Under an argon atmosphere, to a solution of 3,3-dimethylindolin-2-one (0.050 g, 0.31 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.0 ml) was added sodium hydride (0.012 g, 60 wt percent oil dispersion) under ice-cooling. After stirring for 30 min, 2-(5-bromomethyl-2-chlorophenyl)-4-methoxy-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (0.10 g, 0.26 mmol) obtained in the above-mentioned (1) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. To the reaction mixture were added saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and ethyl acetate and the mixture was partitioned. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, washed with saturated brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered to remove sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: n-hexane/ethyl acetate=7/2) to give the title compound (0.11 g, yield 89percent). (0610) 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta: 1.44 (6H, s), 4.18 (3H, s), 4.98 (2H, s), 6.72-6.76 (1H, m), 7.02-7.08 (1H, m), 7.13-7.19 (1H, m), 7.21-7.25 (1H, m), 7.31-7.36 (1H, m), 7.46-7.53 (3H, m), 7.55-7.61 (1H, m), 8.00 (1H, br s), 8.51-8.58 (2H, m).

The synthetic route of 19155-24-9 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Patent; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Nagamori, Hironobu; Mitani, Ikuo; Yamashita, Masaki; Hotta, Takahiro; Nakagawa, Yuichi; Ueda, Masatoshi; US2015/266834; (2015); A1;,
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New learning discoveries about C13H18N2O2

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 129487-92-9, name is tert-Butyl 5-aminoindoline-1-carboxylate, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., category: indolines-derivatives

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 129487-92-9, name is tert-Butyl 5-aminoindoline-1-carboxylate, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., category: indolines-derivatives

Part A. To the product (1.0 g, 4.2 mmol) from Example 2, Part B, was added N,N-dimethylglycine (490 mg, 4.7 mmol), triethylamine (1.80 ml, 13 mmol), and DMF (30 mL). To this mixture was added benzotriazol-1-yloxytripyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (2.2 g, 4.3 mmol). After 10 min, the clear yellow solution was poured into EtOAc (80 mL) and washed with H2O (2×50 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The resulting residue was purified by radial chromatography (5% MeOH in CH2Cl2) to afford tert-butyl 5-[(N,N-dimethylglycyl) amino]-1-indolinecarboxylate (1.50 g, 110%) containing a small amount of DMF. LC/MS (ESI+): 320.1 (M+H)+.

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Reference:
Patent; Pinto, Donald J.P.; Han, Wei; Hu, Zilun; Qiao, Jennifer; US2003/232804; (2003); A1;,
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Extended knowledge of 39603-24-2

These common heterocyclic compound, 39603-24-2, name is 5,7-Dimethylindoline-2,3-dione, its traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route. Recommanded Product: 5,7-Dimethylindoline-2,3-dione

These common heterocyclic compound, 39603-24-2, name is 5,7-Dimethylindoline-2,3-dione, its traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route. Recommanded Product: 5,7-Dimethylindoline-2,3-dione

General procedure: A magnetically stirred mixture of naphthalene-2-amine (1.0mmol), isatin (1.0 mmol), dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate (1.2 mmol) andanhydrous antimony trichloride (0.10 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (3 mL) taken in a 10 mL round bottom flask fitted with a reflux condenser under argonatmosphere and was refluxed for 5 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, quenched with water (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (100-200mesh), eluting with 25 % ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford compound (4).

The synthetic route of 5,7-Dimethylindoline-2,3-dione has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Article; Karmakar, Rajiv; Kayal, Utpal; Bhattacharya, Biswajit; Maiti, Gourhari; Tetrahedron Letters; vol. 55; 7; (2014); p. 1370 – 1372;,
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